1-What is a problem?
We can consider the term “problem” as the difference between the actual and current situation in hand and the one which is actually desired and expected. Every problem generally includes a search sense which is itself as essential as solving the problem.When we think the term problem in terms of industrial engineering, under some constraints and requirements we try to reach our objectives by improving some optimal solutions when we deal with solving a problem.To do this, many industrial engineers use “operations research”
References:
The approach of the course “operations research”
http://www.answers.com/problem
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-68197/operations-research#22410.hook
2-a-What does method mean?
Method is a kind of squence of the attempts in order to solve a problem, reaching a goal or accomplishing something under given restrictions.Moreover method can be thouhgt as an alternative that includes systematic steps ordered in a logical arrangement in order to obtain a goal. For example: if we are to detect the inventory statement of a company we can use one of the given alternatives: FIFO method or LIFO method.
References:
http://www.google.com.tr/search?hl=tr&defl=en&q=define:method&sa=X&oi=glossary_definition&ct=title
http://www.answers.com/method?cat=technology
wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
b-What does methodology mean?
Methodology actually represents the analysis of the methods we choose in order to solve a problem or reach a goal. Methodology includes the steps of a chosen method. Methodology is a more general term because it includes the set of methods. Sometimes the metrhodology do not change while the method chosen may change. Example: Methodology of “OR” , methodology of “Shapley Value Method” etc…
Three classes of methodology:
sequential, cyclical, and the WaterSluice
References:
The course Engineering economy and cost analysis
http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metodoloji
http://infolab.stanford.edu/~burback/watersluice/node75.html
3-a-What does theory mean?
. In common sense theory is set of opinions or speculations which do not have to be in consistency with the facts.
Hovewer, in terms of science, theory is the group of mathematical or logical observations which can be verified and supported by experimental data. Generally theories are the combinations of large amount of hypothesis and small amount of principles. Despite the theories are accepted by the large part of the scientific environment they can not be considered as law because they are still under experimentation.

References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesis
http://www.answers.com/theory
b-What does hypothesis mean?
Hypothesis are statements which can also be considered as predictions which have been verified by the experiments that have been carried out up to that time. Hypothesis can be falsified because a future test (hypothesis testing) or a future experiment can reveal that the current hypothesis is incocsistent with the new results.So, at this point hypothesis should be distinguished from the theory.
For industrial engineering applications, Hypothesis are very usefull in making statistical inferences by folllowing hypothesis-testing procedures.
References:
Probability and Statistics in Engineering (William W. Hines,Douglas Montgomery,David M. Goldsman, Connie Borror)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesis
c-What does paradigm mean?
We can consider the paradigm as the perception of a certain group of people which are mostly educated in the same degree or in the same area. Moreover, more than experiments,paradigma includes the beliefs, values and techniques of the people in order to view the reality and to investigate the nature. Generally paradigm can be thought in a similar manner with Theory.However, while theory signs to the general thinking system, paradigm usually signs to the people’s scientific perceptions and their belief systems in other words paradigm is more subjective and people oriented when compared with theory.

References:
http://www.toplumdusmani.net/modules/wordbook/entry.php?entryID=2474
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigm
http://www.turkforum.net/showthread.php?t=14146
4-a-What is strategy?
At first glance strategy can be thought as the method of doing or achieving something.With a larger perspective, and by looking from the industrial engineering perspective, strategy is the science or art of using and evaluating all the forces in order to reach a goal or to solve a problem with a most efficient and productive way.

Reference:
. http://www.answers.com/straTEGY
b-What is plan?
If we were to consider the plan in terms of business world, we should say that plan is the combination of the sequenced actions which are determined before by the decision makers. Such as entrepreneurs and organizational managers.

Reference:
wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
c-What is control?
I would lie to explain the term control interms of business and management. Control is a measurement of the conformity of the policies, standarts and procedures of the companies.Control help a company to minimize the deviations from its standarts so that quality can be conserved. As the candidate of industrial engineers we will take e course related to this which is quality conrol.

References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_(management)
5- a-what is model?
Model is the representation or description of a system and it combines the description of the techniques in brief.

References:
http://www.answers.com/model
b-what is snowball effect?
It is the description of a kind of process which initialy starts with a small amount of importance(signifcance, whether bad or good) then improves, enlarges step by step and at the end, gets important or serious. The end of the process can be very dangerous or conversely very beneficial.The name is given with an analogy of the snowball’s getting larger and larger during its movement.

References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowball_effect
www.walletpop.com/2008/02/18/paying-down-debt-use-the-snowball-effect/ - 101k
c-what is waterfall diagram?

Waterfall diagram represents a classical approach to the system development in a linear and sequential way.There exists different goals for each development.IN waterfall diagram, once a development in a phase(for example design) started, it passes to the next phase and continues without turning back to the previous phases. Waterfall development allows for managerial conrtol.Each pahse development can be achieved on time for example. However there is a disadvantage which is the fact that there is no allowance for going back so that it is impossible to change something which is not well done well.
References:
http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid92_gci519580,00.html
http://www.billiondollargraphics.com/waterfalldiagram.html
6-a-What is validation/validity mean?
We can search validity in two parts
Internal validity:It explains how much a measurement depends on the experimental techniques.When we have an experiment with high internal validity, it means that we have chosen experiment designs without random experiments.It measures the truth of the investigations’ remaining true under the limits of current research methods used.
External validity:It measures the degree which an investigation remains true when different research methods were used.
References:
http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O87-externalvalidity.html
http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O87-internalvalidity.html
http://www.answers.com/validity?cat=technology
b-What is significance mean?
Despite the fact that in our current life significance means importance, I would like to explain the definition that belongs to the course we take in the second year. If a created model is significant it means that there is a correct relationship and connection between the response of the model and the elements (variables) of the current model.
References:
Yasemin Serin (ie266)
Probability and Statistics in Engineering (William W. Hines,Douglas Montgomery,David M. Goldsman, Connie Borror)
c- What is reliability mean?
In engineering , reliability is the ability of the components in a system in order to carry out its required features in a period of time.In statistics, it measures the consistency of the measurements and if a measurement is reliable it does not mean that it is also valid.

References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability_%28statistics%29
d-- What is relevance/relevant mean?
It a measurement of how closely a given object (record, data) is related and connected to our research for gathering information.

References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relevance
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relevance_(information_retrieval)
7-a-What is an event?
It is the set of outcomes and happenings.We can describe event by using the function of event chain methodology. In many cases Project managers create Project schedules which are difficult to apply,and Event Chain Methodology may simplify the difficulties during scheduling and help making qualitative analysis between different and actual events.

References:
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/E/event.html
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-event-planning.htm

b-What is process?
From an engineering perspective; industrial process can be described as the progression of the events ,with some input elements (time-space etc) and some constraints, that turn into products (output).
References:
"Process" Encyclopaedia Britannica, Eleventh Edition
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_%28engineering%29#Systems_engineering_.28SE.29
c-What is life cycle?
We should consider the product life cycle as an industrial engineering term.A life cycle of a product includes the main things below:
· Market analysis
· Product design
· Conception
· Testing
After the steps counted above
· Releasing of the product and advertising take place.

· Sales growth

· Reaching the upper bound of the demand

· Highest point of the demand (demand stays steady or slowly decrease but never get lost)

***I want to mention that we have implemented the first four steps of the life cycle during our poster display Projects.
Reference:
http://www.investopedia.com/
8-a-What does iterative mean?
Iterative is used to describe a heuristic (a method to help to solve a problem) planning and development process where each application is developed in small iterations. We use iterative method many of our courses such as OR1 and Or2. In iterative methods,we make approxmation in each steps and try to reach our optimal goal.During this process we may hav ego back to the previous stages, which are occured to be more close to the goal.İterations are mostly used in solving linear and integer programs.
References:
The Course OR252 given by Ömer Kırca
http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid92_gci519105,00.html
b-What does sequential mean?
This term refers to an arrangement in an order or in serial.Because the sequential process goes from one to another and continues we do not come back to a previous stage.

References:
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_sequential
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci826120,00.html
9-Correlate beautiful vs. Kitsch picture taking exercise with “data collection”, “observation”, “abstraction” and “awareness”.
***In order to ansver this question, I would like to tell the process that I have passed during taking these photos.
Firtsly in order to decide what kind of photos to take I had to learn the meanings of the subjects which are the theme of the pictures to be taken. So in order to learn the meaning of “beauty” and “Kitsch”, I have “collected Data” , then after learn,ng the meanings of the word by “data collection”,I started to make observation in the environment.During observation, I tried to find out the elements that will represent the beauty and kitsch. I think in the photos that I have taken, I tried to abstract the irrelevant element in the Picture and also I have tried to abstract the factors around the environment and then I took the photos and tried to catch the most related views related to the topic.Finally, when I put these pictures on my blogspot ,I accomommodate them sequentially, and tried to create an awareness about the differences in the pictures which represent beauty and kitsch terms seperately.
References:
(only for a bettet understanding of the words)
http://www.statcan.ca/english/edu/ch2/first2:htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/oservation
http://www.thereedictionary.com/abstraction

EXAMPLES OF KITSCH FROM OUR CAMPUS...

BEAUTİES IN OUR CAMPUS....

Origins Of Engineering

Engineering is a kind of discipline that aims to abtain and apply scientific and technical knowledge to the design analysis and construction of variety of works for practical purposes. The broad discipline of engineering encompasses a range of specialised subdisciplines that focus on the issues associated with developing a specific kind of product, or using a specific type of technology. In prehistoric times, men and women had to be ingenious in order to survive hunger, enemies, climate and, later, the tyrrany of distance. So there have always been 'engineers' around, many of whom were involved in activities we would not associate with engineering today but, rather, with hunting, farming, fishing, fighting, implement- and tool-making, transportation and many other things. Engineering can be considered as the combination of science and design in oredert o invent practical objects.In the earliest times, engineering started with the invention of the basic things such as wheel, pulley etc. At early times engineering was seperated in to two main branches (military and non- military (civil) engineering). By the rise of the industrial revolution and development of the sophisticated machines and tools during the revolution, mechanical engineering was emerged and after the nineteenth century, engineering were started to be applied to science and mathematics. In a similar manner, besides civil and military engineering mechanical engineering was added a a new branch of engineering. The new experiments and developments and revolution give rise different approaches and branches to engineering.

Beginning Of Engineering Education

Before people’s being starded to be educated as engineers to build things, inventors and engineers worked without formal education. For example James Watt (Who has an extremely important role in the development of industrial engineering) only passed one year at London as an apprentice instrument maker for the rest he gained the knowledge by reading and by his own inventions.

After the fast grown of artillery and fortifications complexity increased and officers were started to be training in mathematics and mechanics.Then this trend was gradually started to be applied for civil engineering.(Three year program School of Bridges and Highways in France was founded).Actual history of engineering education was emerged in America. BEfore the foundation of military academi, military engineering was started to be taught.Then cıontinued by taking the engineering education in France as a model.

Especially after the II. World War, and The explosion of engineering research was exploded and the importance of engineering education increased. By the help of sophisticated Technologies, engineers upgraded themselves by reforming engineering education and research.

Engineering As A Profession

The engineering profession is considered to be self-regulating because engineers themselves have been given the authority by law to set and enforce standards for licensing and practice. Actually, engineering as a profession is the occupation which means the operation of service given to people in terms of creating and inventing new things and introduce the production by planning, designing and managing.

What Engineers Do?

Engineers are both problem solvers and designers. They combine technology and science in order to solve and create. Everything around us wheather less or more visible is the product of engineering. For example the buildings around us created by civil engineers are obvious, while designing, planning and controlling a manufacturing process made by industrial engineers which does not seem so obvious are all products of engineering.The fact that engineers mostly work in teams requires engineers to be responsible for communication, understanding, planning, creating, and testing.Engineers should follow the changes both in the technology and science in order to respond the people’s need. Creativity, acedemic knowledge, efficiency are the core values of the engineerig in order to satisfy the people’s demands.

Types Of Engineers

• Aeronautical or Astronautical engineers-

Study jet engines and aircraft design. They may also work on applications for space missions.

• Agricultural engineers-

Design farm equipment, animal shelters, crop systems, and product processing systems.

• Chemical Engineers

Develop processes and products made with chemicals perhaps in the food, petroleum, or pharmaceutical industries.

• Civil engineers-

Design roads, buildings, transportation systems, and other large-scale construction projects. Categories within this area may include structural, environmental, geological, hydraulic, transportation and construction engineering.

• electrical and computer engineers-

Design, construct, and maintain electronic systems, which may include working with computer chips, circuits and electronic communications.

• Geological engineers-

Solves earth related technical problems while at the same time protecting the environment.

• Industrial engineers-

Plan and design industrial and business facilities for the best product quality and employee working conditions.

• Materials engineers-

Study metals, ceramics, plastics, and composites to design materials for applications that may involve transportation, communication or power production.

• Mechanical engineers-

Create machines and may work on transportation systems, power production or performance analysis.

• Nuclear engineers-

Work with nuclear reactors, fusion and radiation applications.

Indusrtial engineers control, plan, test many types of the manufacturing systems and service sectors.Not only procuding a product is sufficent to be named as a production but also introducing this product as a service to the people’s demand is necessary. Many of the things that are produced by the other branches of the engineering are turned into services by both engineering knowledge and business information that belong to indusrtial engineers.

References:
1-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering
2-http://www.new-sng.com/history.cfm
3-http://www.creatingtechnology.org/history3.htm
4-ace.acadiau.ca/apsc/Prospective%20students/profession_of_engineering.htm
5-http://appsci.queensu.ca/prospective/engineering/info/
6-http://www.ie.psu.edu/Academics/Undergraduate/IEIntro/Questions/Q2.htm
7http://www.madison.k12.wi.us/toki/teched/vtypes.htm

If I were prefer to be one of these people I would prefer Abraham Maslow because Maslow’s idea is really realistic in the way that people’ neeeds are distributed in terms of hierarchy. When people actualized their basic needs then they will be able to consider about the other and needs that are mostly related to to the personal improvement of the people. This idea can easily be adapted to the management policies. This idea would be very usefull for directors and managers in termsof administering workers’ improvements. Although this will be an indirect way, this idea could be the basis for the development of the production techniques in terms of labor.

Some Relations can be considered between these 6 VIP people:

Henry Ford and Frederick Winslow Taylor can be considered in some common ways. After the adaptation of the T- model cars to the market, the popularity of the car increased and Ford started to think about satisfaying the demands in a more practical way by developing a different way of production. He used the the idea of Taylor which means that Every employee is work for the one part of the product, in other words each employee will concentrate on one part of the work so the productivity of labor.

Also this division of labor principle was supported by the time studies which are performed by the pair of Ford and Taylor in order to decrease the waste effort of the workers.

The other relationship can be constructed between Taylor and Gilbreths (Frank Bunker GILBRETH- Lillian Moller GILBRETH) but this time in terms of difference. Taylor perception about yhe labor efficiency was a little bit mechanic, Taylor only considered about the time of the production process without taking the workers physchological situation of the employees. When we considered about Gilbreths they also work on the time and amount of the motion during the production process but by the effect of Lillian Moller Gilbreth’s being a psycholog caused the difference. While their motion and time studies they also thought about the psychological sides of the workers in order to increase the efficieny and productivity.

Abraham MASLOW

"Human nature is not nearly as bad as it has been thought to be."

“I was awfully curious to find out why I didn't go insane”

Abraham Maslow

Abraham Maslow who was born in Brooklyn is one of the founders of the humanistic psychology.After his college years at Wisconsin where he conducted researches about primate doöinance and sexuality,continued his studies in similar area at Columbia University by taking Alfred Adler as a mentor.

During his years in Brooklyn, he found two mentors anthropologist Ruth Benedict and Gestalt psychologist Max Wertheimer who were admired by Maslow professionaly and personaly.Maslow started two take notes about both these two people and their behaviours.This would be the basis of his lonflife research.He developed his researches on concepts of a heirarchy of needs, metaneeds, self-actualizing persons, and peak experiences, by using other psychologists and making significant addings to them.

According to Maslow human being’s needs are arrenged by means of importance degree.Starting from the bottom,first part is physical needs (air, water, food ,sex) the secon part includes safety needs(security, stability) and the third and the fourth are pyschological and social needsrespectively.The top is invaded by the self-actualizing needs -- the need to fulfill oneself, to become all that one is capable of becoming.According to Maslow if a person can not obtaim all of his needs in the lower part. Then the person do not care about the needs which are located in the next part. To illustrate, Someone dying of thirst quickly forgets their thirst when they have no oxygen.Moreover people who deals with the higher needs are self-actuazing people who can focus on outside of themselves and can clearly understand what is true, are very creative and aren’t bounded by social conventions.Maslow thought that when a person made real all of his needs in the first importance degree then he would start to think of the other needs in higher degree and for a person to obtain the needs in the basic category would help him to develop his personal properties in a higher degree and as a result of this by improving his personality he would be get closer to the peak degree( self acturazing).

References:
1- tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslow_teorisi
2- http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bhmasl.html
3-http://www.businessballs.com/images/maslow's_hierarchy_businessballs.jpg