1-What is a problem?
We can consider the term “problem” as the difference between the actual and current situation in hand and the one which is actually desired and expected. Every problem generally includes a search sense which is itself as essential as solving the problem.When we think the term problem in terms of industrial engineering, under some constraints and requirements we try to reach our objectives by improving some optimal solutions when we deal with solving a problem.To do this, many industrial engineers use “operations research”
References:
The approach of the course “operations research”
http://www.answers.com/problem
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-68197/operations-research#22410.hook
2-a-What does method mean?
Method is a kind of squence of the attempts in order to solve a problem, reaching a goal or accomplishing something under given restrictions.Moreover method can be thouhgt as an alternative that includes systematic steps ordered in a logical arrangement in order to obtain a goal. For example: if we are to detect the inventory statement of a company we can use one of the given alternatives: FIFO method or LIFO method.
References:
http://www.google.com.tr/search?hl=tr&defl=en&q=define:method&sa=X&oi=glossary_definition&ct=title
http://www.answers.com/method?cat=technology
wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
b-What does methodology mean?
Methodology actually represents the analysis of the methods we choose in order to solve a problem or reach a goal. Methodology includes the steps of a chosen method. Methodology is a more general term because it includes the set of methods. Sometimes the metrhodology do not change while the method chosen may change. Example: Methodology of “OR” , methodology of “Shapley Value Method” etc…
Three classes of methodology:
sequential, cyclical, and the WaterSluice
References:
The course Engineering economy and cost analysis
http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metodoloji
http://infolab.stanford.edu/~burback/watersluice/node75.html
3-a-What does theory mean?
. In common sense theory is set of opinions or speculations which do not have to be in consistency with the facts.
Hovewer, in terms of science, theory is the group of mathematical or logical observations which can be verified and supported by experimental data. Generally theories are the combinations of large amount of hypothesis and small amount of principles. Despite the theories are accepted by the large part of the scientific environment they can not be considered as law because they are still under experimentation.
We can consider the term “problem” as the difference between the actual and current situation in hand and the one which is actually desired and expected. Every problem generally includes a search sense which is itself as essential as solving the problem.When we think the term problem in terms of industrial engineering, under some constraints and requirements we try to reach our objectives by improving some optimal solutions when we deal with solving a problem.To do this, many industrial engineers use “operations research”
References:
The approach of the course “operations research”
http://www.answers.com/problem
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-68197/operations-research#22410.hook
2-a-What does method mean?
Method is a kind of squence of the attempts in order to solve a problem, reaching a goal or accomplishing something under given restrictions.Moreover method can be thouhgt as an alternative that includes systematic steps ordered in a logical arrangement in order to obtain a goal. For example: if we are to detect the inventory statement of a company we can use one of the given alternatives: FIFO method or LIFO method.
References:
http://www.google.com.tr/search?hl=tr&defl=en&q=define:method&sa=X&oi=glossary_definition&ct=title
http://www.answers.com/method?cat=technology
wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
b-What does methodology mean?
Methodology actually represents the analysis of the methods we choose in order to solve a problem or reach a goal. Methodology includes the steps of a chosen method. Methodology is a more general term because it includes the set of methods. Sometimes the metrhodology do not change while the method chosen may change. Example: Methodology of “OR” , methodology of “Shapley Value Method” etc…
Three classes of methodology:
sequential, cyclical, and the WaterSluice
References:
The course Engineering economy and cost analysis
http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metodoloji
http://infolab.stanford.edu/~burback/watersluice/node75.html
3-a-What does theory mean?
. In common sense theory is set of opinions or speculations which do not have to be in consistency with the facts.
Hovewer, in terms of science, theory is the group of mathematical or logical observations which can be verified and supported by experimental data. Generally theories are the combinations of large amount of hypothesis and small amount of principles. Despite the theories are accepted by the large part of the scientific environment they can not be considered as law because they are still under experimentation.
References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesis
http://www.answers.com/theory
b-What does hypothesis mean?
Hypothesis are statements which can also be considered as predictions which have been verified by the experiments that have been carried out up to that time. Hypothesis can be falsified because a future test (hypothesis testing) or a future experiment can reveal that the current hypothesis is incocsistent with the new results.So, at this point hypothesis should be distinguished from the theory.
For industrial engineering applications, Hypothesis are very usefull in making statistical inferences by folllowing hypothesis-testing procedures.
References:
Probability and Statistics in Engineering (William W. Hines,Douglas Montgomery,David M. Goldsman, Connie Borror)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesis
c-What does paradigm mean?
We can consider the paradigm as the perception of a certain group of people which are mostly educated in the same degree or in the same area. Moreover, more than experiments,paradigma includes the beliefs, values and techniques of the people in order to view the reality and to investigate the nature. Generally paradigm can be thought in a similar manner with Theory.However, while theory signs to the general thinking system, paradigm usually signs to the people’s scientific perceptions and their belief systems in other words paradigm is more subjective and people oriented when compared with theory.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesis
http://www.answers.com/theory
b-What does hypothesis mean?
Hypothesis are statements which can also be considered as predictions which have been verified by the experiments that have been carried out up to that time. Hypothesis can be falsified because a future test (hypothesis testing) or a future experiment can reveal that the current hypothesis is incocsistent with the new results.So, at this point hypothesis should be distinguished from the theory.
For industrial engineering applications, Hypothesis are very usefull in making statistical inferences by folllowing hypothesis-testing procedures.
References:
Probability and Statistics in Engineering (William W. Hines,Douglas Montgomery,David M. Goldsman, Connie Borror)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesis
c-What does paradigm mean?
We can consider the paradigm as the perception of a certain group of people which are mostly educated in the same degree or in the same area. Moreover, more than experiments,paradigma includes the beliefs, values and techniques of the people in order to view the reality and to investigate the nature. Generally paradigm can be thought in a similar manner with Theory.However, while theory signs to the general thinking system, paradigm usually signs to the people’s scientific perceptions and their belief systems in other words paradigm is more subjective and people oriented when compared with theory.
References:
http://www.toplumdusmani.net/modules/wordbook/entry.php?entryID=2474
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigm
http://www.turkforum.net/showthread.php?t=14146
4-a-What is strategy?
At first glance strategy can be thought as the method of doing or achieving something.With a larger perspective, and by looking from the industrial engineering perspective, strategy is the science or art of using and evaluating all the forces in order to reach a goal or to solve a problem with a most efficient and productive way.
http://www.toplumdusmani.net/modules/wordbook/entry.php?entryID=2474
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigm
http://www.turkforum.net/showthread.php?t=14146
4-a-What is strategy?
At first glance strategy can be thought as the method of doing or achieving something.With a larger perspective, and by looking from the industrial engineering perspective, strategy is the science or art of using and evaluating all the forces in order to reach a goal or to solve a problem with a most efficient and productive way.
Reference:
. http://www.answers.com/straTEGY
b-What is plan?
If we were to consider the plan in terms of business world, we should say that plan is the combination of the sequenced actions which are determined before by the decision makers. Such as entrepreneurs and organizational managers.
. http://www.answers.com/straTEGY
b-What is plan?
If we were to consider the plan in terms of business world, we should say that plan is the combination of the sequenced actions which are determined before by the decision makers. Such as entrepreneurs and organizational managers.
Reference:
wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
c-What is control?
I would lie to explain the term control interms of business and management. Control is a measurement of the conformity of the policies, standarts and procedures of the companies.Control help a company to minimize the deviations from its standarts so that quality can be conserved. As the candidate of industrial engineers we will take e course related to this which is quality conrol.
wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
c-What is control?
I would lie to explain the term control interms of business and management. Control is a measurement of the conformity of the policies, standarts and procedures of the companies.Control help a company to minimize the deviations from its standarts so that quality can be conserved. As the candidate of industrial engineers we will take e course related to this which is quality conrol.
References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_(management)
5- a-what is model?
Model is the representation or description of a system and it combines the description of the techniques in brief.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_(management)
5- a-what is model?
Model is the representation or description of a system and it combines the description of the techniques in brief.
References:
http://www.answers.com/model
b-what is snowball effect?
It is the description of a kind of process which initialy starts with a small amount of importance(signifcance, whether bad or good) then improves, enlarges step by step and at the end, gets important or serious. The end of the process can be very dangerous or conversely very beneficial.The name is given with an analogy of the snowball’s getting larger and larger during its movement.
http://www.answers.com/model
b-what is snowball effect?
It is the description of a kind of process which initialy starts with a small amount of importance(signifcance, whether bad or good) then improves, enlarges step by step and at the end, gets important or serious. The end of the process can be very dangerous or conversely very beneficial.The name is given with an analogy of the snowball’s getting larger and larger during its movement.
References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowball_effect
www.walletpop.com/2008/02/18/paying-down-debt-use-the-snowball-effect/ - 101k
c-what is waterfall diagram?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowball_effect
www.walletpop.com/2008/02/18/paying-down-debt-use-the-snowball-effect/ - 101k
c-what is waterfall diagram?
Waterfall diagram represents a classical approach to the system development in a linear and sequential way.There exists different goals for each development.IN waterfall diagram, once a development in a phase(for example design) started, it passes to the next phase and continues without turning back to the previous phases. Waterfall development allows for managerial conrtol.Each pahse development can be achieved on time for example. However there is a disadvantage which is the fact that there is no allowance for going back so that it is impossible to change something which is not well done well.References:
http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid92_gci519580,00.html
http://www.billiondollargraphics.com/waterfalldiagram.html
6-a-What is validation/validity mean?
We can search validity in two parts
Internal validity:It explains how much a measurement depends on the experimental techniques.When we have an experiment with high internal validity, it means that we have chosen experiment designs without random experiments.It measures the truth of the investigations’ remaining true under the limits of current research methods used.
External validity:It measures the degree which an investigation remains true when different research methods were used.
References:
http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O87-externalvalidity.html
http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O87-internalvalidity.html
http://www.answers.com/validity?cat=technology
b-What is significance mean?
Despite the fact that in our current life significance means importance, I would like to explain the definition that belongs to the course we take in the second year. If a created model is significant it means that there is a correct relationship and connection between the response of the model and the elements (variables) of the current model.
References:
Yasemin Serin (ie266)
Probability and Statistics in Engineering (William W. Hines,Douglas Montgomery,David M. Goldsman, Connie Borror)
c- What is reliability mean?
In engineering , reliability is the ability of the components in a system in order to carry out its required features in a period of time.In statistics, it measures the consistency of the measurements and if a measurement is reliable it does not mean that it is also valid.
References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability_%28statistics%29
d-- What is relevance/relevant mean?
It a measurement of how closely a given object (record, data) is related and connected to our research for gathering information.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability_%28statistics%29
d-- What is relevance/relevant mean?
It a measurement of how closely a given object (record, data) is related and connected to our research for gathering information.
References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relevance
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relevance_(information_retrieval)
7-a-What is an event?
It is the set of outcomes and happenings.We can describe event by using the function of event chain methodology. In many cases Project managers create Project schedules which are difficult to apply,and Event Chain Methodology may simplify the difficulties during scheduling and help making qualitative analysis between different and actual events.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relevance
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relevance_(information_retrieval)
7-a-What is an event?
It is the set of outcomes and happenings.We can describe event by using the function of event chain methodology. In many cases Project managers create Project schedules which are difficult to apply,and Event Chain Methodology may simplify the difficulties during scheduling and help making qualitative analysis between different and actual events.
References:
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/E/event.html
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-event-planning.htm
b-What is process?
From an engineering perspective; industrial process can be described as the progression of the events ,with some input elements (time-space etc) and some constraints, that turn into products (output).
References:
"Process" Encyclopaedia Britannica, Eleventh Edition
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_%28engineering%29#Systems_engineering_.28SE.29
c-What is life cycle?
We should consider the product life cycle as an industrial engineering term.A life cycle of a product includes the main things below:
· Market analysis
· Product design
· Conception
· Testing
After the steps counted above
· Releasing of the product and advertising take place.
· Sales growth
· Reaching the upper bound of the demand
· Highest point of the demand (demand stays steady or slowly decrease but never get lost)
***I want to mention that we have implemented the first four steps of the life cycle during our poster display Projects.
Reference:
http://www.investopedia.com/
8-a-What does iterative mean?
Iterative is used to describe a heuristic (a method to help to solve a problem) planning and development process where each application is developed in small iterations. We use iterative method many of our courses such as OR1 and Or2. In iterative methods,we make approxmation in each steps and try to reach our optimal goal.During this process we may hav ego back to the previous stages, which are occured to be more close to the goal.İterations are mostly used in solving linear and integer programs.
References:
The Course OR252 given by Ömer Kırca
http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid92_gci519105,00.html
b-What does sequential mean?
This term refers to an arrangement in an order or in serial.Because the sequential process goes from one to another and continues we do not come back to a previous stage.
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/E/event.html
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-event-planning.htm
b-What is process?
From an engineering perspective; industrial process can be described as the progression of the events ,with some input elements (time-space etc) and some constraints, that turn into products (output).
References:
"Process" Encyclopaedia Britannica, Eleventh Edition
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_%28engineering%29#Systems_engineering_.28SE.29
c-What is life cycle?
We should consider the product life cycle as an industrial engineering term.A life cycle of a product includes the main things below:
· Market analysis
· Product design
· Conception
· Testing
After the steps counted above
· Releasing of the product and advertising take place.
· Sales growth
· Reaching the upper bound of the demand
· Highest point of the demand (demand stays steady or slowly decrease but never get lost)
***I want to mention that we have implemented the first four steps of the life cycle during our poster display Projects.
Reference:
http://www.investopedia.com/
8-a-What does iterative mean?
Iterative is used to describe a heuristic (a method to help to solve a problem) planning and development process where each application is developed in small iterations. We use iterative method many of our courses such as OR1 and Or2. In iterative methods,we make approxmation in each steps and try to reach our optimal goal.During this process we may hav ego back to the previous stages, which are occured to be more close to the goal.İterations are mostly used in solving linear and integer programs.
References:
The Course OR252 given by Ömer Kırca
http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid92_gci519105,00.html
b-What does sequential mean?
This term refers to an arrangement in an order or in serial.Because the sequential process goes from one to another and continues we do not come back to a previous stage.
References:
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_sequential
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci826120,00.html
9-Correlate beautiful vs. Kitsch picture taking exercise with “data collection”, “observation”, “abstraction” and “awareness”.
***In order to ansver this question, I would like to tell the process that I have passed during taking these photos.
Firtsly in order to decide what kind of photos to take I had to learn the meanings of the subjects which are the theme of the pictures to be taken. So in order to learn the meaning of “beauty” and “Kitsch”, I have “collected Data” , then after learn,ng the meanings of the word by “data collection”,I started to make observation in the environment.During observation, I tried to find out the elements that will represent the beauty and kitsch. I think in the photos that I have taken, I tried to abstract the irrelevant element in the Picture and also I have tried to abstract the factors around the environment and then I took the photos and tried to catch the most related views related to the topic.Finally, when I put these pictures on my blogspot ,I accomommodate them sequentially, and tried to create an awareness about the differences in the pictures which represent beauty and kitsch terms seperately.
References:
(only for a bettet understanding of the words)
http://www.statcan.ca/english/edu/ch2/first2:htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/oservation
http://www.thereedictionary.com/abstraction
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_sequential
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci826120,00.html
9-Correlate beautiful vs. Kitsch picture taking exercise with “data collection”, “observation”, “abstraction” and “awareness”.
***In order to ansver this question, I would like to tell the process that I have passed during taking these photos.
Firtsly in order to decide what kind of photos to take I had to learn the meanings of the subjects which are the theme of the pictures to be taken. So in order to learn the meaning of “beauty” and “Kitsch”, I have “collected Data” , then after learn,ng the meanings of the word by “data collection”,I started to make observation in the environment.During observation, I tried to find out the elements that will represent the beauty and kitsch. I think in the photos that I have taken, I tried to abstract the irrelevant element in the Picture and also I have tried to abstract the factors around the environment and then I took the photos and tried to catch the most related views related to the topic.Finally, when I put these pictures on my blogspot ,I accomommodate them sequentially, and tried to create an awareness about the differences in the pictures which represent beauty and kitsch terms seperately.
References:
(only for a bettet understanding of the words)
http://www.statcan.ca/english/edu/ch2/first2:htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/oservation
http://www.thereedictionary.com/abstraction
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